They tell white blood cells in the immune system which cells belong in the body and which ones do not. HLA markers play an important role in the body’s immune response to foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses. Except for identical twins, everyone has different HLA markers. There are many HLA markers, and different people have different patterns of markers. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, also called “tissue typing,” is a test done to identify proteins called HLAs found on the surface of most cells in the body. Importance of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Typingīefore an allogenic stem cell transplant, the patient and the potential donor are tested to see if the donor’s stem cells are a good match for the patient. Patients may develop one type, both types, or neither type. GVHD occurs when the donor stem cells (“the graft”) attack healthy cells in the patient (“the host”), causing the condition “graft-versus-host disease” or GVHD.There are two main categories of GVHD:Įach type affects different organs and tissues and has different signs and symptoms. Then they are replaced with healthy stem cells from a donor. In this treatment, a patient’s own damaged or diseased blood-forming stem cells are destroyed. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a potentially serious complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The Trish Greene Back to School Program.The transplant doctor identifies potential matches and arranges donor testing. If a donor is found to be a good match, a medical exam and blood tests are done to make sure the donor is in good health. It might seem unlikely, but it’s possible to find a good match with someone who is not a relative. If a match is not found within the family, the search starts for an unrelated donor through the Canadian Blood Services stem cell registry. The search for a donor starts with the recipient’s brothers and sisters because siblings have the greatest chance of being a match. Most matches are between close family members. But a transplant may still be done if the match is less than perfect. There are thousands of different combinations of possible HLA tissue types so it can be hard to find an exact match. A process called HLA (human leukocyte antigen) testing makes sure that the donor and recipient are closely matched. To improve the chance of a successful stem cell transplant, the donor’s stem cells need to match the recipient’s as closely as possible. Syngeneic transplants use stem cells from an identical twin. A mini-transplant is also called a reduced intensity transplant or non-myeloablative transplant. This may be useful for older people and those with other health problems who may not be able to handle a standard transplant and the side effects. The donor may be a relative or someone who is not related to you.Ī mini-transplant means that lower doses of chemotherapy and radiation are given before an allogeneic transplant. The second transplant is usually done between several weeks and 6 months after the first.Īllogeneic transplants use stem cells from someone else. Your stem cells for both transplants are usually collected before the first course of chemotherapy. Before each one, you are given high-dose chemotherapy. The type of transplant is based on who gives the stem cells.Īutologous transplants use stem cells from your own bone marrow or blood.Ī double autologous (tandem) transplant means that you receive 2 autologous transplants. a high-dose therapy with stem cell rescue. ![]()
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